US Federal and State-by-State Online Gambling Laws 2024

In the United States, the regulations surrounding gambling exhibit considerable variations from one state to another. This divergence is primarily due to the fact that the federal government delegates the authority to shape gambling laws to individual states. Consequently, what is deemed legal in the casino-friendly state of New Jersey may not find approval just across the border in the more cautious gambling environment of Maine, for example. Inadvertently participating in an unlicensed gambling operation could lead to legal consequences. Hence, being well-informed about your rights and familiar with local gambling laws is crucial.

The majority of state gambling laws explicitly forbid unlicensed games, wagers, or bets where outcomes are influenced, at least in part, by chance. However, if a competition or game rewards winners based on skill, such as shooting competitions or car racing, it does not fall under the category of gambling. It is important to note that certain legal restrictions may still apply to ensure the legality of these activities.

In general, the classification of a game as either chance-based or skill-based depends on which of the two elements, chance or skill, exerts a more significant influence on the game's outcome. If chance predominates, the game is categorized as one of chance, and wagering on such activities is considered gambling. Despite the legalization of some form of gambling in most states, strict regulations remain in place. Betting pools, small poker clubs, fantasy football leagues, and skill-gaming machines are technically prohibited in many jurisdictions. However, enforcement varies, with difficulties and leniency often dependent on the state.

The provided excerpts contain specific details regarding state constitutional provisions related to gambling, “aiding and abetting” clauses in state criminal laws, fundamental criminal gambling statutes, and references to legalized gaming laws in select states.

The landscape of online gambling legality in the USA is intricately tied to both geographical location and the specific nature of the gambling activity in question. The transformative 2018 Supreme Court decision, which overturned PASPA (the federal ban on sports betting), not only marked a significant turning point in the expansion of gambling but also introduced complexities to the realm of Internet gambling legality.

To comprehend the nuances of gambling legislation in the US, consider the following key points:

Regulatory Focus	The primary focus of most US states and jurisdictions is on regulating gaming operators rather than individual online gamblers.
Regulatory Gaps	A significant number of states lack updated regulations specifically tailored for online gambling, relying on laws formulated long before the Internet's inception.
Offshore Licensing	Numerous online gambling platforms catering to US customers operate under offshore licensing, introducing an additional layer of complexity to the regulatory landscape.
Adherence to US Laws	Gambling websites are required to adhere to US laws and regulatory standards, ensuring a level of oversight within the online gambling sphere.

As a result, the unregulated nature of online gambling exists within a legally gray area. The absence of a clear demarcation between what is legal and what is not renders activities such as online betting, playing table games, and participating in live casino games on top gambling sites generally considered permissible.

It's crucial to note that while our analysis is grounded in comprehensive research and a comparative study of US gambling laws, we are not legal experts. Therefore, before engaging in online gaming in your state, it is advisable to seek professional legal counsel to ensure strict compliance with relevant regulations.

A Century of Change: Tracing the Evolution of US Online Gambling Legislation

1961 – Federal Wire Act: Initially targeting interstate sports wagering, this law did not extend its scope to cover other forms of gambling.

Early 1990s: Witnessing the rise of online gambling, this era lacked legal guidelines to regulate platforms, allowing easy access for US players without stringent oversight.

1992 – Introduction of PASPA: The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) of 1992, also known as the Bradley Act, aimed to define the legal status of sports betting throughout the United States. This act, which effectively outlawed sports betting nationwide, excluding a few states, remained in force until it was judicially overturned in 2018.

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), a 1992 federal law, restricts all but a handful of states from legalizing sports gambling.

2006 Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA): While not explicitly banning online gaming, this legislation barred US-based payment processors and financial institutions from facilitating transactions involving online gaming services. Consequently, numerous online gambling operators relocated their businesses offshore.

2011 DOJ Opinion: In a pivotal 2011 announcement, the Department of Justice clarified that the Wire Act pertained solely to sports betting, thereby excluding online casino gaming and poker. This interpretation paved the way for states like Delaware, New Jersey, Nevada, and subsequently Pennsylvania and West Virginia, to authorize and oversee online gaming activities.

2018 – Repeal of PASPA: The US Supreme Court's repeal of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) in 2018 marked a turning point. This federal prohibition on sports betting gave individual states the authority to legalize sportsbooks, creating new opportunities for online gambling. In essence, this shift implies that, in the absence of a new federal law, each state can now independently formulate and enforce its own laws and regulations regarding sports betting.

Post-2018: Witnessing a gradual, state-by-state regulation, online sports betting gained legal status. As of January 2023, mobile sports betting was sanctioned in 26 states and Washington DC.

Ongoing: Offshore websites persist in offering casino-style games and sports betting to US players. However, potential payment issues underline the importance of players verifying the licensing and regulation status of these sites to avoid unwittingly engaging with blacklisted casinos.

Expected Developments: Anticipated advancements indicate that more states are progressively opening up to online gambling, reflecting a broader shift in the regulatory landscape.

Laws Regarding Social Gaming in States and Consequences for Unlawful Gambling

This overview delves into the legal landscape of social gaming within individual states, exploring the consequences for engaging in unlawful gambling activities. Examining the application of the Dominant Factor Test, it distinguishes between games predominantly reliant on chance and those emphasizing skill. The discussion encompasses the nuanced realm of social gambling, detailing the legal distinctions between misdemeanors and felonies, as well as the categorization of simple versus aggravated gambling offenses. Additionally, the summary addresses the presence of express internet prohibitions, highlighting the legal frameworks governing online gambling activities within the context of state laws.

Dominant Factor Test

The Dominant Factor Test is a legal standard used to determine whether a particular activity, such as a game or contest, should be classified as a game of chance or a game of skill. This test is often employed in the context of gambling laws to assess whether a certain game is subject to regulations governing games of chance or if it falls under the category of games of skill.

Game of Skill or Game of Chance? What is the Difference?

The test evaluates which element—chance or skill—is the predominant or dominant factor influencing the outcome of the activity. Here's a breakdown of how the Dominant Factor Test works:

Game of Chance

Definition: In a game of chance, the outcome is primarily determined by random events or luck, and the players have little to no control over the results.
Example: Slot machines, roulette, and lottery are classic examples of games of chance. In these games, the result is determined by factors like a random number generator, a spinning wheel, or the drawing of numbered balls.

Game of Skill

Definition: In a game of skill, the outcome is predominantly influenced by the skill, knowledge, strategy, or decision-making abilities of the players. Luck may still play a role, but skill is the dominant factor.
Example: Chess, poker, and basketball are examples of games of skill. In chess, the player's strategic moves and decision-making skills determine the outcome. In poker, a player's ability to read opponents and make strategic decisions can significantly impact the game.

List of States Where The Dominant Factor is Applied
Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Dist. of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

List of States Where The Dominant Factor is Applied

Alabama, Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Dist. of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

In summary, the key distinction lies in the degree to which chance or skill determines the outcome. Games of chance rely more on luck and random events, while games of skill involve a higher level of player influence, strategy, and decision-making. Some games may fall along a spectrum between pure chance and pure skill, with varying degrees of each element influencing the results.

Social Gambling – What is It?

Social gambling typically refers to gaming activities conducted in a “social context,” where participants engage in contests or games without anyone involved, including players or organizers, earning anything from managing the event. This often excludes activities where someone acts as the “house” or takes a rake in a poker game. The legality of social gambling in the United States can vary depending on state laws. Let's us illustrate the concept with a simple example:

Suppose Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone, long-time friends and colleagues, decide to host a private poker night at Arnold's residence. They invite a few close friends to join them for an evening of friendly poker games. In this scenario:

Setting: The poker game takes place in a private residence, creating an informal and social environment.
Participants: The participants are friends who have a personal relationship, contributing to the social nature of the gathering.
Stakes: The game involves low stakes or no monetary value at all, with the emphasis placed on camaraderie and enjoyment rather than financial gain.
Dominant Factor Test: Given that poker is a game of skill, the Dominant Factor Test may suggest that skill plays a significant role in determining the outcome, further aligning with the social gambling context.
Private Nature: The event is private and not open to the public, reinforcing the social aspect of the gathering.

In essence, social gambling is characterized by its non-commercial nature, emphasizing friendly and informal gameplay within a social setting.

List of States Where Social Gambling is Allowed
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming

Simple vs. Aggravated Gambling

States may differentiate between simple and aggravated gambling offenses. Simple gambling offenses often involve smaller-scale, private activities, while aggravated offenses may involve larger sums of money, organized criminal activity, or other aggravating factors.

Simple Gambling

Definition: Simple gambling typically refers to basic or less severe forms of gambling activities that may not involve aggravating factors.
Examples: Casual betting among friends, participating in a friendly poker game, or engaging in low-stakes games of chance may be considered simple gambling.
Legal Consequences: In many jurisdictions, simple gambling offenses are often categorized as misdemeanors, resulting in relatively lighter penalties.

Aggravated Gambling

Definition: Aggravated gambling refers to more serious or enhanced forms of gambling offenses, often involving factors that intensify the nature of the violation.
Examples: Operating an illegal gambling establishment, involvement in organized crime related to gambling, or engaging in high-stakes and illicit gambling activities may be considered aggravated gambling.
Legal Consequences: Aggravated gambling offenses are generally treated more severely under the law. Penalties for aggravated gambling can range from misdemeanors to felonies, depending on the jurisdiction and the specific circumstances.

In essence, the key difference lies in the severity of the gambling activity and the presence of aggravating factors. Simple gambling tends to involve less serious, often casual, and individual activities, while aggravated gambling involves more significant violations that may have a broader impact, involve higher stakes, or include criminal elements. The legal consequences for each can vary based on jurisdiction and specific legal frameworks.

Misdemeanor vs. Felony

In states where social gambling is prohibited, the consequences for engaging in such activities can vary. In some cases, it may be considered a misdemeanor offense, resulting in lesser penalties. However, in states with stricter gambling laws, it could be classified as a felony, carrying more severe consequences. Distinctions between a “misdemeanor” and a “felony” vary across states, introducing inconsistency in the legal categorization. While some states differentiate based on the potential place of incarceration, such as city or county jail versus a state penitentiary, others rely on the duration of the possible sentence. In many jurisdictions, the predominant approach involves categorizing a punishment of one year or less as a misdemeanor and a longer sentence as a felony.

Penalty for Aggravated Gambling	List of States
Misdemeanor	Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia
Felony	Alaska, Arizona, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming

Express Internet Prohibition

The term “Express Internet Prohibition” refers to whether a state has specific laws or regulations explicitly prohibiting online gambling. The presence of express internet prohibition laws varies from state to state, reflecting the diversity of regulatory approaches to online gambling across the United States. States without express prohibitions may either allow online gambling or may not have specific legislation addressing the online aspect of gambling, relying on broader gambling laws that may apply to both online and offline activities. States with express internet prohibition laws typically aim to regulate or restrict online gambling within their jurisdictions.

Express Internet Prohibition	List of States
States Without Express Internet Prohibition	Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming
States With Express Internet Prohibition	Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, Wisconsin

Express Internet Prohibition

List of States

States Without Express Internet Prohibition

Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming

States With Express Internet Prohibition

Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, Wisconsin

Pivotal Federal Gambling Laws in US Gambling – Further Analysis

This segment provides a closer examination of pivotal regulations, such as the Federal Wire Act, the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA), and the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA). By exploring the historical context, legal interpretations, and the impact of these laws, we aim to offer a nuanced understanding of their influence on the intricate world of U.S. gambling.

1. The Federal Wire Act

The Federal Wire Act, officially known as the Interstate Wire Act of 1961, has a complex and evolving history that extends beyond its initial enactment. Here are some key additional points to complement the historical overview:

1. Initial Developments (1961 Enactment)

The Federal Wire Act, known as the Interstate Wire Act of 1961, aimed to combat organized crime and racketeering facilitated through interstate wire communications.
Initially, it focused on interstate sports betting by prohibiting wire communications for transmitting bets on sporting events.

2. Further Amendments (DOJ's Interpretation and Reinterpretation)

In 2011, the DOJ limited the Wire Act's prohibitions to sports betting, excluding other forms of online gambling.
A 2018 reinterpretation broadened the Wire Act's scope to include all forms of interstate gambling, leading to legal challenges and debates.

3. Related Politicians

Robert F. Kennedy played a key role during the Kennedy administration in introducing the Wire Act to combat organized crime.
Sheldon Adelson, a casino magnate, later advocated for a strict interpretation of the Wire Act to restrict online gambling.

4. Related Stories (Online Gambling Expansion, Legal Challenges, Ongoing Debate)

The 2018 reinterpretation created uncertainty, especially for states that had legalized various forms of online gaming.
Legal challenges initiated by states and industry stakeholders sought clarification on the Wire Act's scope.
Ongoing debates focus on potential federal regulation of online gambling and states shaping their gaming policies.

5. Additional Information on Wire Act History

The Wire Act, originating before the commercial internet, significantly influenced the regulatory landscape for online gaming.
A 2011 re-interpretation expanded beyond sports betting, allowing for other forms of gambling to cross state lines.

6. Challenges and Restrictions

Despite expansion, challenges arose for the U.S. sports betting market, limited by state boundaries unlike online poker and iLottery.
Efforts to redefine the Wire Act faced industry opposition, making legislative change unlikely.

7. 2018 Reinterpretation Impact

The 2018 reinterpretation extended the Wire Act to all forms of cross-state gaming, prompting legal battles and concerns about online lottery and poker.
Legal battles continue, with the Justice Department's appeal indicating potential Supreme Court involvement.

8. Black Friday Indictment and DOJ's Shift

The 2011 Black Friday indictment lacked Wire Act reference, signaling a shift in the DOJ's stance on its applicability to online gambling.
Deputy Attorney James Cole clarified in 2011 that the Wire Act's scope is limited to sports betting.

9. Impact on Online Poker

The DOJ's changed stance opened the door for lawful, licensed, and regulated online poker and casino gaming in the U.S.
Several states legalized and regulated online gaming, reentering the market after the PokerStars settlement in 2016.

Author Note
The Full Tilt Poker and PokerStars saga unfolded during the online poker boom of the mid-2000s. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice indicted executives of major online poker platforms, including Full Tilt Poker and PokerStars, in an event dubbed “Black Friday.” Full Tilt Poker faced severe financial mismanagement, leading to a shortfall in player funds and a global inability for players to access their money. In a settlement with the U.S. government, PokerStars, a financially stable competitor, acquired Full Tilt Poker's assets. PokerStars, having segregated player funds, also settled with the DOJ, forfeiting $547 million. The acquisition aimed to repay Full Tilt players and allowed PokerStars to reenter the U.S. online poker market in 2016, marking a significant chapter in the evolving narrative of online poker regulation and industry dynamics.

Author Note

The Full Tilt Poker and PokerStars saga unfolded during the online poker boom of the mid-2000s. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Justice indicted executives of major online poker platforms, including Full Tilt Poker and PokerStars, in an event dubbed “Black Friday.” Full Tilt Poker faced severe financial mismanagement, leading to a shortfall in player funds and a global inability for players to access their money. In a settlement with the U.S. government, PokerStars, a financially stable competitor, acquired Full Tilt Poker's assets. PokerStars, having segregated player funds, also settled with the DOJ, forfeiting $547 million. The acquisition aimed to repay Full Tilt players and allowed PokerStars to reenter the U.S. online poker market in 2016, marking a significant chapter in the evolving narrative of online poker regulation and industry dynamics.

The Federal Wire Act's complex history, reinterpretations, and ongoing debates reflect the dynamic nature of U.S. gambling laws and their responses to technological advancements and industry shifts.

2. PASPA

PASPA was designed to address concerns about the potential for corruption in sports due to widespread betting. However, its impact led to a limited number of states being allowed to engage in sports betting, creating an environment where only a handful of states could offer legal sportsbooks. The law faced legal challenges over the years, and its pivotal moment came in 2018 when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned PASPA, opening the door for individual states to legalize and regulate sports betting. The repeal marked a significant turning point, allowing states to independently shape their sports betting laws and regulations.

1. Enactment (1992)

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), signed into law in 1992, was a federal measure designed to regulate sports betting on a national level. Commonly known as the Bradley Act, it aimed to establish the legal framework for sports betting while limiting its expansion.

2. Initial Provisions

PASPA effectively outlawed sports betting across the United States, with exceptions for a few states that already had existing sports betting activities. The law sought to address concerns about the integrity of sports due to widespread betting.

3. Legal Challenges

Over the years, PASPA faced legal challenges as states sought to challenge its restrictions on sports betting. Some argued that it infringed on states' rights and limited their ability to regulate gambling within their borders.

4. Supreme Court's Decision (2018)

A pivotal moment came in 2018 when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned PASPA in the case of Murphy v. NCAA. The Court found that PASPA's provisions were unconstitutional as they violated the anti-commandeering principle, which prohibits the federal government from forcing states to adopt or enforce federal laws.

5. Impact on Sports Betting Landscape

The repeal of PASPA marked a significant turning point in the history of sports betting in the U.S. It empowered individual states to decide on the legalization and regulation of sports betting within their jurisdictions.

6. State Autonomy

Post-2018, states gained the authority to shape their own sports betting laws. This led to a wave of legislative activity across the country, with numerous states legalizing and regulating sports betting to varying degrees.

7. Ongoing Developments

The repeal of PASPA opened the door for a dynamic and evolving landscape of sports betting in the U.S. States continue to explore and enact legislation to adapt to the changing dynamics of the sports wagering industry.

8. Future Perspectives

The history of PASPA reflects a shift towards recognizing states' autonomy in deciding their approach to sports betting regulation. The ongoing developments underscore the need for a flexible and adaptive regulatory framework in response to the evolving nature of the sports wagering landscape.

3. UIGEA

The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 2006 as part of the Safe Port Act. UIGEA targets online gambling operators and financial institutions involved in transactions related to unlawful online gambling activities. The law aims to restrict the flow of funds to such operators by placing restrictions on payment acceptance for unlawful internet gambling.

1. Initial Developments

2006 Enactment: The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) was passed as part of the Safe Port Act, addressing concerns related to the financial transactions associated with online gambling.
Scope: UIGEA targets online gambling operators and financial institutions facilitating transactions related to unlawful online gambling activities. It aims to restrict the flow of funds to such operators.

2. Further Amendments

Impact on Financial Transactions: UIGEA places restrictions on the acceptance of payments for unlawful internet gambling, compelling financial institutions to block transactions related to online gambling activities.
Industry Challenges: The implementation of UIGEA presented challenges for the online gambling industry, affecting payment processing and creating uncertainty for operators.

3. Related Politicians

Sponsors and Advocates: The legislation was sponsored by Representative Jim Leach and Senator Jon Kyl, who aimed to address concerns about the proliferation of online gambling.
Contemporary Relevance: UIGEA continues to influence discussions about online gambling regulations, and its impact remains a topic of debate among policymakers.

4. Related Stories

Financial Industry Compliance: UIGEA places responsibilities on financial institutions to identify and block transactions related to unlawful online gambling. Compliance efforts by financial institutions have shaped the landscape of online gambling transactions.
Ongoing Legal and Regulatory Considerations: UIGEA's implementation led to legal challenges and debates over its efficacy. The law has prompted ongoing discussions about the appropriate regulatory framework for online gambling at the federal and state levels.

5. Post-UIGEA Developments

State-by-State Regulation: UIGEA did not legalize or criminalize online gambling but prompted individual states to explore their own regulatory frameworks.
Shift in DOJ Opinion: In the post-UIGEA era, the Department of Justice (DOJ) shifted its stance on the Wire Act's applicability to online gambling, allowing states to legalize and regulate online poker and casino gaming.

6. Impact on Online Poker

Black Friday Connection: UIGEA played a role in the Black Friday events of 2011, leading to the indictment of major online poker platforms.
Subsequent Regulation: The reinterpretation of the Wire Act and the DOJ's evolving stance on online gambling post-UIGEA opened the door for states to legalize and regulate online poker and casino gaming.

7. Continued Discussions

Legislative Considerations: UIGEA remains part of the broader conversation about federal online gambling regulations, with discussions on potential updates or revisions to adapt to the evolving industry landscape.

4. Other Relevant US Gambling Legislation

This comprehensive table outlines key gambling-related laws, both at the federal and state levels, providing a valuable resource for understanding the legal framework governing various aspects of gambling activities. From foundational federal laws like the Wire Act and UIGEA to state-specific regulations covering Indian gaming, sports betting, and lottery operations, this compilation aims to offer insights into the diverse legal landscape surrounding gambling in the U.S. The provided references allow for further exploration of each law's text, facilitating a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing this dynamic industry.

Federal Laws	State Laws
Federal Wire Act of 1961	Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988
Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) of 2006	Sports Bribery Act of 1964
Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) of 1992	Travel Act
Department of Justice (DOJ) Opinion (2011) on the Wire Act	Hobbs Act of 1946
Interstate Wire Act of 1961	Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
Federal Travel Act	Illegal Gambling Business Act (IGBA)
Gambling on Cruises: US Gambling Ship Act
Wagering Paraphernalia Act
Illegal Gambling Businesses
Rico Act of 1970
Interstate Wagering Amendment of 1994
Transportation of Gambling Devices Act of 1951
Bank Records and Foreign Transaction Act of 1970
Money Laundering Control Act of 1986
Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

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What is the Federal Wire Act, and how does it impact online gambling?

The Federal Wire Act, enacted in 1961, initially targeted interstate sports betting. Its impact on online gambling has evolved, with reinterpretations influencing its application to various forms of internet-based gaming.

How did the repeal of PASPA in 2018 change the landscape of online gambling?

The repeal of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) in 2018 allowed individual states to legalize sports betting, opening new opportunities for online gambling at the state level.

What role does the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) play in regulating online gaming transactions?

UIGEA, passed in 2006, doesn't ban online gambling but targets financial transactions related to it. It places restrictions on payment processors and financial institutions, impacting how funds are handled in online gaming.

Which states have legalized and regulated online gambling?

States like Nevada, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Michigan, and Connecticut have legalized and regulated various forms of online gambling, including casino gaming and poker.

What is the dominant factor test in relation to state gambling laws?

The dominant factor test is used to determine whether a game is one of skill or chance. States apply this test to classify and regulate different types of gambling activities.

How do state social gaming laws distinguish between misdemeanor and felony offenses?

State social gaming laws often categorize offenses based on factors like the amount of money involved, the scale of operation, and whether the activity is deemed simple or aggravated gambling.

What is the status of offshore online gambling websites offering services to U.S. players?

Offshore websites continue to offer casino games and sports betting to U.S. players, but their regulatory status varies. Players are advised to check the licensing and regulation of such sites to avoid potential issues.

Are there federal regulations addressing online sports betting after the repeal of PASPA?

Post-PASPA repeal, online sports betting is regulated on a state-by-state basis. As of today, mobile sports betting is legal in 26 states and Washington DC.

What are the expected developments in U.S. online gambling laws in the coming years?

Anticipated developments include more states opening up to online gambling, potentially expanding the legal landscape and offering additional opportunities for both players and operators.

How did the Department of Justice's 2011 opinion impact the interpretation of the Wire Act?

The 2011 Department of Justice (DOJ) opinion clarified that the Wire Act applied only to sports betting, not online casino gaming or poker. This interpretation paved the way for states to regulate these activities within their borders.

State	Regulators	Gambling Age
Alabama	Birmingham Racing Commission Macon County Racing Commission Poarch Creek Indian Gaming Commission Greene County Racing Commission Mobile County Racing Commission	18-19
Alaska	Alaska Department of Revenue National Indian Gaming Commission	18-21
Arizona	Arizona Department of Gaming Arizona Department of Gaming Division of Racing Cocopah Gaming Commission Fort Mojave Gaming Commission	18-21
Arkansas	Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration Arkansas State Racing Commission	18-21
California	California Gambling Control Commission (CGCC) California Horse Racing Board California Lottery Commission	18-21
Colorado	Colorado Division of Gaming Colorado Division of Racing Events Colorado Lottery Problem Gambling Coalition of Colorado	18-21
Connecticut	Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation Connecticut Council On Problem Gambling	18-21
Delaware	Delaware Gaming Control Board Delaware Harness Racing Commission DEProblemGambling.org	18-21
Florida	Florida Division of Pari-Mutuel Wagering Florida Lottery	21
Georgia	Georgia Bureau of Investigation Georgia Lottery Corporation	18-21
Hawaii	National Council On Problem Gambling	18
Idaho	Idaho State Racing Commission Idaho Lottery Idaho Problem Gambling	18-21
Illinois	Illinois Gaming Board State of Illinois Department of Revenue Charity Gaming Illinois Council on Problem Gambling	18-21
Indiana	Indiana Gaming Commission Indiana Alcohol & Tobacco Commission Indiana Department of Revenue Indiana Horse Racing Commission	18-21
Iowa	Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission Iowa Department of Inspections, Appeals, & Licensing Iowa Lottery	18-21
Kansas	Kansas Racing and Gaming Commission Kansas State Gaming Agency Kansas Department of Revenue Kansas Lottery	18-21
Kentucky	Kentucky Department of Charitable Gaming Kentucky Horse Racing Commission Kentucky Lottery Kentucky Council on Problem Gambling Kentucky Gambling Help	18
Louisiana	Louisiana Gaming Control Board Louisiana Lottery Corporation Louisiana State Racing Commission	18-21
Maine	Maine Gambling Control Unit Maine Liquor and Lottery Commission Maine Harness Racing Commission Maine Problem Services	18-21
Maryland	Maryland Racing Commission Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency Maryland Lottery Maryland Center of Excellence on Problem Gambling	18-21
Massachusetts	Massachusetts Gaming Commission Massachusetts Gaming Commission Division of Racing Massachusetts Gaming Commission on Tribal Gaming Massachusetts Office Of Problem Gambling	18-21
Michigan	Michigan Gaming Control Board Michigan’s Problem Gambling Help Michigan State Lottery	18-21
Minnesota	The Minnesota Gambling Control Board Minnesota Lottery Minnesota Racing Commission	18-21
Mississippi	Mississippi Gaming Commission Choctaw Gaming Commission Mississippi Council on Problem Gambling	21
Missouri	Missouri Gaming Commission Missouri Lottery Commission	18-21
Montana	Montana Board of Horse Racing Montana Department of Justice Gambling Control Division Montana Lottery Montana Council on Problem Gambling	18/21
Nebraska	Nebraska Gaming Commission Nebraska Lottery & Charitable Gaming Division Nebraska Commission on Problem Gambling	18-21
Nevada	Nevada Gaming Control Board The Nevada Council On Problem Gambling Nevada State Gaming Commission Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe Gaming Commission	21
New Hampshire	NH Lottery Commission Investigation & Compliance Division New Hampshire Gaming Regulatory Oversight Authority New Hampshire Council On Problem Gambling	18-21
New Jersey	Division of Gambling Enforcement New Jersey Casino Control Commission New Jersey Lottery New Jersey Legalized Games of Chance Control Commission New Jersey Racing Commission	18-21
New Mexico	New Mexico Gaming Control Board New Mexico Lottery Authority New Mexico Racing Commission	18-21
New York	New York State Gaming Commission	18-21
North Carolina	North Carolina Education Lottery Cherokee Tribal Gaming Commission	18/21
North Dakota	North Dakota State Gaming Commission North Dakota Lottery North Dakota Racing Commission	18-21
Ohio	Ohio Casino Control Commission Ohio State Racing Commission Ohio Lottery Commission	18-21
Oklahoma	Oklahoma Tribal Gaming Regulators Association Gaming Compliance Unit Oklahoma Horse Racing Commission Oklahoma Lottery Commission	18-21
Oregon	Oregon Lottery Oregon Racing Commission Oregon State Department of Justice Oregon State Police Gaming Enforcement Division	18-21
Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board Pennsylvania Lottery Pennsylvania State Horse Racing Commission Problem Gambling Help In PA	18-21
Rhode Island	Rhode Island Commercial Licensing and Regulation Rhode Island Lottery Rhode Island Council on Problem Gambling Rhode Island State Police Charitable Gaming Unit	18
South Carolina	South Carolina Education Lottery Commission South Carolina Department of Revenue	18-21
South Dakota	South Dakota Commission on Gaming South Dakota Lottery	18-21
Tennessee	The Sports Wagering Council (SWC) Tennessee Education Lottery Corporation (TELC)	18-21
Texas	Texas Racing Commission Texas Lottery Commission	18-21
Utah		18
Vermont	Vermont Office of the Attorney General Vermont State Lottery Commission	18
Virginia	Virginia Lottery Virginia Office of Charitable and Regulatory Programs Virginia Racing Commission	18-21
Washington	Washington State Gambling Commission Washington Horse Racing Commission Washington State Lottery	18
West Virginia	West Virginia Charitable Organizations Division West Virginia Racing Commission West Virginia State Tax Department Criminal Investigation Division West Virginia Lottery	18-21
Wisconsin	The Division of Gaming in the Department of Administration (DOA) the Wisconsin Department of Revenue	18-21
Wyoming	Wyoming Gaming Commission Wyoming Lottery Northern Arapaho Gaming Commission Eastern Shoshone Gaming Agency	18-21

Federal and State-by-State Online Gambling Laws <img width='66' src='https://casinolandia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/um.svg' alt=''> in the United States

Overview Of Online Gaming in The United States

The Legal Status of Gambling in Each US State

Regulatory Overview Matrix for Each US State

A Century of Change: Tracing the Evolution of US Online Gambling Legislation

Laws Regarding Social Gaming in States and Consequences for Unlawful Gambling

Dominant Factor Test

Game of Skill or Game of Chance? What is the Difference?

<img decoding="async" class="size-thumbnail wp-image-146066 alignright" role="img" src="https://casinolandia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/dices-1.svg" alt="" width="150" height="150" />Game of Chance

Game of Skill

Social Gambling – What is It?

Simple vs. Aggravated Gambling

Simple Gambling

Aggravated Gambling

Misdemeanor vs. Felony

Express Internet Prohibition

Pivotal Federal Gambling Laws in US Gambling – Further Analysis

1. The Federal Wire Act

1. Initial Developments (1961 Enactment)<img decoding="async" class="alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-146092" src="https://casinolandia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/KennedyLaw-150x150.jpg" alt="Kennedy Signing Law" width="150" height="150" />

2. Further Amendments (DOJ's Interpretation and Reinterpretation)

3. Related Politicians

4. Related Stories (Online Gambling Expansion, Legal Challenges, Ongoing Debate)

5. Additional Information on Wire Act History

6. Challenges and Restrictions

7. 2018 Reinterpretation Impact

8. Black Friday Indictment and DOJ's Shift

9. Impact on Online Poker

2. PASPA

1. Enactment (1992)

2. Initial Provisions

3. Legal Challenges

4. Supreme Court's Decision (2018)

5. Impact on Sports Betting Landscape

6. State Autonomy

7. Ongoing Developments

8. Future Perspectives

3. UIGEA

1. Initial Developments

2. Further Amendments

3. Related Politicians

4. Related Stories

5. Post-UIGEA Developments

6. Impact on Online Poker

7. Continued Discussions

4. Other Relevant US Gambling Legislation

Federal Laws

State Laws

US State-by-State Analysis: Is Online Gambling Legal in Your Area?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Federal Wire Act, and how does it impact online gambling?

How did the repeal of PASPA in 2018 change the landscape of online gambling?

What role does the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA) play in regulating online gaming transactions?

Which states have legalized and regulated online gambling?

What is the dominant factor test in relation to state gambling laws?

How do state social gaming laws distinguish between misdemeanor and felony offenses?

What is the status of offshore online gambling websites offering services to U.S. players?

Are there federal regulations addressing online sports betting after the repeal of PASPA?

What are the expected developments in U.S. online gambling laws in the coming years?

How did the Department of Justice's 2011 opinion impact the interpretation of the Wire Act?

References

Articles & Publications

Legislation

Federal and State-by-State Online Gambling Laws in the United States

Game of Chance

1. Initial Developments (1961 Enactment)